Steven以前的作业--关于沟通交流在管理中的重要性
作为外语版的版主之一，却好久没来这里发表过什么。所以今天特地抽空发一篇本人在英国学习期间的作业，欢迎大家多多指正。
这篇是04年的一篇小作业，要求是1000个单词。
[align=right][b][size=12pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Zhenhua Shen[/font][/font][/font][/b][/align]
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[b][i][size=12pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Explain why effective communication is an essential element of effective management, thinking about the barriers to effective communication and how they can be overcome.[/font][/font][/font][/i][/b]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Management and communication go hand in hand. As Mintzberg (1973) found that most managers spend between 50 to 90 per cent of their time on communicating to people in different forms (Hannagan, 2005), it is no doubt that effective communication has become an essential element in the work environment and is vital for both business and individual success. This essay will discuss why effective communication is an essential element of effective management in details, and analyse what the barriers are to effective communication and how to overcome them.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Before discussing why effective communication is an essential element of effective management, it is necessary to know what kind of communication is effective. According to a survey developed by Towers Perrin, effective communication as an environment in which there are: “Open and honest exchanges of information, clear and easy-to-understand materials, timely distributions, trusted sources, two-way feedback systems, clear demonstrations of senior leadership’s interest in employees, continual improvements in communication and consistent messaging across sources.” (internet1, 2004). In one word, effective communication is two-way, easy to understand and could be trusted. Based on this understanding of effective communication, it is easy to understand why it is an essential element of effective management.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]In any type of business, effective communication is essential. It is said that “a business or organisation is a human decision-making system in which the quality of the decisions are determined by the effectiveness of the communication apparatus” (Clark, 2003). Firstly, for the organisations, effective communication is “important for conveying the organisation’s mission, business aims and objectives, and its general ethos or culture” (Hannagan, 2004). With effective communication, every people in the organisation could understand its aims and objectives clearly, so that they can work more straightforward and productive to help the organisation develop better. When communicating, either by fax, mail, newsletter, noticeboard or reports, the most important thing is whether the information could be easily understood or not by the people received it. Since there is effective communication insuring people's perceptions of organisations’ aims and objectives, the managers need not to worry about it too much.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Secondly, for the managers, effective communication helps them manage their subordinates more effectively. As effective communication builds a fantastic bridge between managers and employees, managers could motivate and supervise their employees appropriately; the workforce could express their thoughts and feelings freely, and be trusted with equal significance. So both manager and employee could benefit from the effective communication: manager could make better performance on managing his/her subordinates; the employees could get a better working environment--double win.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]In addition, effective communication makes people from different departments or sections work as a team, and become more productive. People work in an environment with effective communication understand the organisation’s goals and objectives clearly, as well as their own responsibilities, so they can work together closer and cooperate better, help the organisation achieve its objectives, which is beneficial for both the organisation and employees themselves.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Although it seems natural and easy to communicate, to most of people, it remains difficult to communicate effectively, even for managers. David Ewing, former editor of Harvard Business Review highlights this problem: ‘Management communication is the number one problem in business today. While technology (that supports management communication) has advanced in leaps and bounds, managers’ and academics’ understanding of the substance of the process has not.’ (University of Stellenbosch Executive Development, n.d). This is because there are many barriers to effective communications.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]The main barrier to effective communication is culture, not only the geographic culture, but also the culture inside the organisations. People from different culture background usually hold different value, thus it is difficult to share a common language in most part of the world. There was a very famous event in IT industry that HP merged Compaq on 7 May, 2002. Before the mergence, about 63% of employees from HP against this plan, as the two companies had different cultural characteristics and held different value. But after the merger with Compaq, HP turned to accelerate to help integrate the operations of the two companies to achieve economies of scale, reduce the cost and complexity of information technology systems for business firstly through distributing a web-based survey. This e-survey helped the HP understand the workers’ expectations, assess awareness of HP core values and develop programs to guide a smoother transition, also made the communication between the company and employees more effective, so that the integration process of both physically blending the two companies and psychologically sharing the same value was greatly successful at that time. (Steele, 2002). From this example we could see the barrier because of the culture background could be overcome. For the culture inside the business, using employee attitude survey and other communication channels is a good way to make communication more effective; for the geographic culture, it is more important for the managers to understand the way of thinking of the local employees, and help them adapt the organisation’s own culture through frequent two-way communication.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Another barrier to effective communication is emotional difference. For most of people, generally, they perceive what they expect to perceive. So that in fact “the unexpected communication maybe resented is not the issue, but the message has not actually been received at all. It has been ignored” (Clark, 2003). To overcome this barrier, and make the management more effective, managers must consider whether or not they understand what their employees expect to see or hear before communication. Based on this, the communication between them and their subordinates could be much effective. However, this is not an easy task to most of managers.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]In conclusion, effective communication has been an essential element of effective management in the modern economic environment, as it makes transferring the organisation’s aims and objectives to employees more effective, helps managers to motivate their subordinates, and increases the productivity through encouraging the cooperation among employees. Although there are some barriers to effective communication like cultural and emotional difference, they could be overcome by using different strategies. [/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Bibliography:[/font][/font][/font][/font]
[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Hannagan, T. 2005. Management: concepts & practices, forth edition. Published by Prentice Hall. P271.[/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Internet1. 2004. Effective communication requires senior leadership to play a strong role, Towers Perrin study finds. First accessed on 27 March, 2005, from [url=http://www.towersperrin.com/hrservices/webcache/towers/United_States/press_releases/2004_11_08/2004_11_08.htm]http://www.towersperrin.com/hrse ... 1_08/2004_11_08.htm[/url][/font][/font][/font][/font]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Clark, J. 2003. Effective communication. July, 2003. First accessed on 27 March, 2005, from[/font][/font][/font][/font]
[size=10][url=http://www.isma.org.uk/stressnw/effcomm.htm][font=Times New Roman][size=3][color=#0000ff]http://www.isma.org.uk/stressnw/effcomm.htm[/color][/color][/color][/url][/color]
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[size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]University of Stellenbosch Executive Development. N.d. Programme in Communication for Managers. First accessed on 27 March, 2005. From[/font][/font]
[/font][url=http://www.usb.sun.ac.za/USBEd/Courses/Usb_EdCourseInfo.asp?CourseID=72][font=Times New Roman][size=3][color=#0000ff]http://www.usb.sun.ac.za/USBEd/Courses/Usb_EdCourseInfo.asp?CourseID=72[/color][/size][/color][/size][/url]
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[size=10][size=3][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Steele, C. 2002. ISS Backs HP-Compaq Merger. 5 March, 2002. First accessed on 27 March, 2005. from [url=http://www.varbusiness.com/sections/news/breakingnews.jhtml;jsessionid=IIBITSY31JQ0CQSNDBCCKHSCJUMEKJVN?articleId=18837564&_requestid=20322]http://www.varbusiness.com/secti ... mp;_requestid=20322[/url][/font][/font][/font][/font][/font]
[[i] 本帖最后由 Shen 于 2006-9-4 19:00 编辑 [/i]] Steven真多啊。。。还好我们公司就一个 的确阿。。 太多人用steven这个英文名
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